How to Make the Toyota Brand Greater Than It Is Today Research Paper

Essays on How to Make the Toyota Brand Greater Than It Is Today Research Paper The paper "How to Make the Toyota Brand Greater Than It Is Today" is an excellent example of a research paper on marketing. The report contains brief and basic background information on Toyota. This helps in understanding the core purpose, mission, vision, goals, and objectives of the company. It also aims to understand what strategies Toyota has been using all these years. This is with the sole aim of identifying if the strategies are working or not. It provides a platform for the formation of ideas on how to make the Toyota brand greater than it is today. This is in line with emerging competitors, especially from the United Arab Emirates. Toyota's brand is one that has evolved over the years. This is from the day that it was created to the current date. What is to be observed is the fact that Toyota realizes the need to employ organizational behavior and change. There is a need for organizations to employ change every day. The world has new expectations every day. This is the reaso n that propels Toyota to ensure that they have embraced new techniques of operations. This is with the aim of ensuring customer satisfaction. Toyota’s strategies have undergone metamorphosis to ensure reduced competition. Marketing strategies that are customer based are hard to fulfill. Toyota has ensured that it has taken time to critically analyze the market. Analysis of the market has enabled them to know what the consumers want. They have then included the consumers’ wants and needs into one package. The package comes in very many colors, designs, and shapes. They have then mastered the art of where to place themselves. This gives them a clear cut picture of what they should receive for every purchase of their goods. The team that manages the Toyota brand has taken the time to understand the market. This is the sole reason why the brand is very popular all over the world. This is the reason why competitors are having a very rough time catching up.  IntroductionTh e global trends require an aggressive business environment. Many companies are struggling to stay afloat. Those that do not have the proper channels to stay afloat have collapsed. This is with issues of bankruptcy, insolvency, and foreclosure. Toyota is one brand that has undergone tough times. It did not sit back and magically get to where it is. After its inception, a lot has been put in place to ensure that it is where it is today. Employees have gone through constant training to be able to understand the goods that they produce. Managers have undergone training to ensure that they have the knowledge to manage their employees. Toyota realizes that without efficient and effective managers, even the best laid out strategies can never work.Armed with this thought, Toyota ensures that everyone contributes to the strategies created. Once the strategies have been created, it is essential for everyone to understand them. It is only after their understanding can they be applied in a succ essful business context.

Vaccinations, Do They Protect Or Are They Harmful

To Vaccinate, or not to Vaccinate Vaccinations, do they protect or are they harmful? This is a question that every parent ponders when it is time to inject their children with medicines. Since vaccinations first began being administered in 1800s there have been those who protest them and those who stand behind them. It is a parents choice to have their children vaccinated or to opt out of vaccinations. A vaccine or immunization is a dose administered by either injection, orally or sometimes nasally, of a living or killed microorganism. Vaccinations are given to produce or artificially increase immunity to a particular disease. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is an advocate fro pro vaccination. The CDC urges parents to have their children vaccinated. The CDC believes that vaccinations are an important step in keeping children safe from potentially dangerous diseases. According to the CDC vaccinations have significantly reduced and in some cases eliminated certain diseases. Ho wever, they warn that these diseases do still exist. The CDC admits that because of sucessfullness of vaccinations that most young parents have never seen the devastating effects that diseases such as polio, measles, or whooping cough ( also known as pertussis) can have on a family or community. â€Å"its easy to think of these as diseases that only existed in the past† says the CDC. The CDC warns that if the vaccination rates drop in a community that it would not be uncommon for an outbreak of suchShow MoreRelatedVaccination Research : Vaccines And Vaccines1316 Words   |  6 PagesVaccination Research In colonial America in the 1700’s the smallpox virus was spreading throughout the population, and killing as many of half of the people who were contracting the virus. According to pbs.org the earliest form of vaccinations was called â€Å"inoculation† and was being debated if it was considered safe. The fear was understandable, because the process to inoculate against the smallpox was riskier than todays modern vaccine. In the 1700’s inoculating statistics proved that it helpedRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccines786 Words   |  4 Pages A big controversy among parents is vaccinations. Should children get vaccinated? Should parents have the right to choose if they vaccinate their children? Many people believe the risk factors of a vaccination outweigh the helping abilities. A few claims on why i find this invalid include the lives saved rather than the lives lost to vaccines, the future generations protected from outbreak, and the amount of each ingredients sa fety in the amount used. initially, The lives saved by vaccines heavilyRead MoreShould Children Be Vaccinated?1599 Words   |  7 Pages Why move backward when you can move forward? Vaccinations are considered to be one of the greatest health developments in the 20th century. A vaccine is defined as â€Å"a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.† Hundred of thousands of lives have been saved in the last twenty years dueRead MoreSave A Child From A Life Threatening Disease1339 Words   |  6 Pagesyou had the option to save a child from a life-threatening disease, could you imagine choosing not to do so? Every year thousands of parents choose not to vaccinate their children from diseases like polio, whooping cough, and other life-threatening diseases. One simple decision to not vacci nate a child runs the risk of potentially infecting other children that are too young to receive the vaccination yet. It is because of this potential danger that I am in favor of the mandation of childhood vaccinesRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccination1241 Words   |  5 Pagessociety just because they do not believe in vaccination? Vaccinations help save lives by building immunity to deadly diseases, but people are willing to risk lives just because their political beliefs or religious beliefs or skepticism keeps them from vaccinating their children. To make sure everyone in the community is safe from certain diseases, the government needs to make most vaccinations mandatory for every child. There are already a few state mandates regarding vaccinations needed, such as DTaPRead MoreVaccination Informed Parental Choice : Vaccination Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesVaccination†¦Informed Parental Choice The recent measles outbreak occurring at Disneyland in December 2014 became widespread news and rekindled an ongoing debate of childhood vaccination. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which is the United States government agency responsible for the protection of Americans from health threats, there were 159 incidents of measles arising from this outbreak (â€Å"Morbidity and Mortality† 373). Considering this outbreak, it is not unexpectedRead MoreVaccines : The Anti Vaccine Movement1385 Words   |  6 PagesVaccines save lives; fear endangers them. Vaccinations have been used since the 18th century to cure various deadly diseases, from smallpox to the influenza virus. On a global level, vaccination is one of the few cost-effective medical measures that result in universal benefit. Yet there have always been those opposed to vaccinations because of possible side effects. With the increase in technology and the ability to share ideas in modern s ociety the anti vaccine movement has flourished making theRead MoreChildhood Vaccinations Should Be Mandatory Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesrekindled an ongoing debate of childhood vaccination. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which is the United States government agency responsible for the protection of Americans from health threats, there were 159 measles incidents arising from this occurrence (â€Å"Measles† 373). Considering this outbreak, it is not unexpected that the role of vaccination would come to the forefront. The CDC is presently advocating 29 vaccinations for children through the age of six yearsRead MoreVaccinations And How Vaccines Protect Us All By Harrison Wein And Beliefs About Childhood Vaccinations1428 Words   |  6 Pagesto remain healthy, vaccinations come to mind. Vaccinations, to many people, are a necessity to remain healthy. I know when I was younger I hated to get a shot, but when I think about it today I am gl ad my parents made me get them. My mother was a nurse, so she knew the importance of vaccinations. Unfortunately, in todays’ society some parents think vaccinations can be more harmful then helpful, therefore refusing to vaccinate their children. The articles â€Å"How Vaccines Protect Us All† by HarrisonRead MoreThe Anti Vaccination Epidemic Of Canada1489 Words   |  6 Pagesvalue to society if it is not communicated.† Unfortunately, we live in an age where misinformation allows the distortion of science for decidedly un-scientific purposes. There is no greater example of this phenomenon than the anti-vaccination epidemic. Childhood vaccinations for easily prevented diseases such as Diphtheria, Polio, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Meningococcal Disease, Pertussis, and Varicella, must be made mandatory for all Canadians attempting to enroll in public school or public day care

Engineering Noise Control Theory and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Engineering Noise Control for Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction There are a lot of things to plan for and take into consideration before a musical piece can be recorded successfully, either for commercial sales or art purposes. The place to make the recording must be considered, what equipment to use, the tempo, the genre of music, the personnel needed for the recording, the time constraints as well as budgetary limits (Morgan and Chung, 2014). This paper is a proposal for a musical recording, specifically recording of an opera musical performance. An opera is a classical Western art form that combines libretto and a musical score; the specific genre to be recorded is the Operetta, the little opera. The case scenario is an orphanage that trains orphaned children from around the world in various arts including music. The Adelaide based group is due to make several performances and the upcoming event is especially important as they will perform for global leaders and guests attending a regional economic forum for Asian leaders. The manager at the f acility has made a request to the author to record the performance as they intend to sell copies to the leaders in attendance as well as to other interested individuals. The manager has stressed the need for quality and professional recording of the performance. This paper discusses the preproduction phase, discuss the required equipment, create a functional budget, and discuss how the stage will be prepared, as well as tackle the rehearsals and other possible incidentals. Reading the Score and determining the tempi for recording The score is called from the piano vocal score and has some occasional notations given on the instruments playing different specific notes. The score is set up into a rehearsal prompt book; this is the master copy of the script (score) that has all the cueing, blocking, and information management regarding the rehearsal and performance. After familiarizing with the score and creating it, it is important that the most suitable tempi are determined for the recording and this requires closely working with the maestro. Having a condensed score for the piano is important in determining the tempi. The plot of the opera has to be well understood and important information for this is provided for by the score. A Libretto book can be consulted for this such as the Complete Libretto Series book by Castel. This is obvious where the score being played are placed for easy reading by the artists; it makes it easy to read and follow the score comfortably ('Home Studio Corner', 2016) Microphones and pre-amps Low noise type microphones with condenser that are directional are used. The microphones are stereo type and free field. For this recording, the Oktava MK 319 condenser microphone with a large diaphragm fo0r better sound capture. It has a frequency response of between 20 Hz and 18 KHz, which is large enough and 122 DB maximum SPL. The microphone self-noise level is less than 14 dB (Busietta, n.d.). The Avalon and the Apogee converter that will be hired from the opera house Phantom power supply unit Stereo bar and the one to be used is the AEA (Audio Engineering Associates) model, also to be hired for the recording Audio recorder Digital recorder of the highest quality is proposed for the recording and the Edirol R-09 will be used as the primary digital recorder. Video recorders The recording will be done using a Panasonic 4 K digital video recorder that will be placed on an adjustable tripod for recording. The camera will be set such that the singers are recorded directly while they are facing the camera (Cooke, 2005). Macintosh laptop with the Tunes library; this will be used for mixing and post production at a later stage. Piano and other equipment such as violin These will be hired or the clients equipment be used for the recording; a grand baby piano is sufficient for the recording High quality audio cables are used for connecting all the musical inputs to the mixer; cables will be needed to connect the microphones, the piano, monitor speakers to the mixer; high quality cables with gold plated terminals are desired to ensure the highest quality of sound (Ihalainen, 2008). The budget is based on actual prices for products and estimates or others, such as labor hours. The production will be done with a significant number of equipment being hired as they are likely to be used just once. The budget is shown in the appendices Rehearsal and Stage Preparation The rehearsal ground plan is taped out to have the exact dimensions for the rehearsals, setting tables that will hold the equipment to be used by the artists, and putting in place the relevant costume racks (Friedlander, 2014). The singers will be staged downstage from the proscenium line and this space is taped out. The stage apron is also set and taped out; the curtain line is also marked out to know where it falls; this is especially useful for the stage director. The conductor area is also set downstage of the edge of the pit, the at the center line. This is where the tables that the stage manager and director are set up; the stage is set up in conjunction with the maestro, especially on where the piano will be placed and this is also determined by where the maestro places the violin section (Gallo, 2006). The baby grand piano is angled to allow the player to be able to see the maestro. A reading lamp is placed on the piano for the player to see the music clearly. A section is al so set for storing assets such as the score. The maestro is at the center of the performance, meaning that the placement of the director and stage manager and piano also depend on where the maestro is placed. The director table is set to the left of the maestro while the table used by the assistant manager is also set to the left of the stage managers table. The conductor stand is set in place as well as the chairs for use by the personnel. The team moves to the site, with all paperwork refined and equipment such as computers at the ready. The equipment are tested and ensured to be well connected and working, with elements such as the desired sound tested and the tempi gotten correctly Recording The recording is done after the tech week is complete; the tech week begins by the paper tech when stage manager and director go over all aspects of the musical. This is followed by the dry tech when a technical rehearsal is done involving all shift scenes; the rail cues and special effects are undertaken in the absence of the artists (Holmes, 2008). This is followed by the piano tech when rehearsal is done with the artist and the piano. The first and second orchestra dresses are done in full costumes and check lists done. The recording is done when the curtain is raised and the stage manager makes the necessary calls. Microphone setup and Considerations The setup of the microphones has an effect of the quality of the recordings because of the effect of acoustics. In choosing the venue for recording, the acoustics effect was taken into consideration as quality of the recording depends to a great deal on the size of the team. For an opera, the recording is not possible in a studio hence the choice to use a concert hall at the local theater. Care was taken in choosing the acoustic venue and the particular venue chosen has a general oblong horse she shape that will enhance the sound and recording quality because after recording, changing the acoustics is difficult and may affect the overall sound quality. Factors considered include sound reverberation; it should not be too long as this would cause smudgy sound; a natural sound is what the recording intends to achieve. The walls of the building are sound proofed to minimize sound reflection on the walls and the floor is fitted with heavy rugs that absorb sound (Klein, 2016). To evaluate the suitability of the venue, a walk through with an assistant clapping helped determine how the place sounds. The reverberation length alone is not sufficient for determining sound quality; other factors come into play as well. The size and hall shape, the material used on floors and walls, other surfaces, and decorations used all affect the sound quality. The optimal time for reverberation is a compromise between the intensity of the sound, the clarity, and the live-ness. For clarity, a short reverberation time is required, a high reverberation level is needed for high intensity and for live-ness, and a longer reverberation time is required (Meyer and Hansen, 2009). The average required reverberation time for an opera/ orchestra is 1 for a 10 cubic meter rom, 1.4 for a 100 cubic meter room, and 1.8 for a 1000 cubic meter room (Bies, 2009). As the frequency increases, the reverberation time drops; the aim was to get a reverberation time of two seconds for the hall which is about 1200 cubic meters; this would ensure a high quality natural sound. The considered parameters include intimacy, where playing in a big hall should sound as if the room were small; live-ness, warmth (relates to the fullness and live-n ess of bass tones). The intention is to have clarity of sound where the direct plus early sound should be greater than the reverberated sound. The sound should have good spatial distribution with a good balance and blend and have an ensemble of good reflective surfaces above and on the sides of the artists (Bies, 2009). Microphone setup and mixing The chosen microphones good quality stereo, but the best capture occurs if there is consideration for the micing distance. The main artist(s)/ singer(s) will be standing/ seating on the piano ad this sound must be captured in a very clear way, taking into account aspects like live-ness and clarity. To achieve this, matched condensers will be placed 15 feet in front of the piano and the microphones placed 8 feet above the floor of the stage and 3 feet in front of the singer (Moylan and Moylan, 2007). The condenser microphones ensure better quality live sound because of their low distortion and a high signal to noise ratio. Ribbon and tube microphones will be used as backup to capture natural and background reflected sound. To balance the direct sound, the microphones are moved back and forth until the right balance is struck and backup microphones placed in a curve from the main microphones to capture other directional sound. The microphones are mixed such that most sound comes from t he two main stereo pair of microphones placed 3 feet from the piano. The backup microphones are to capture ambient sounds and the direct ones are adjusted to take into consideration time delay between the microphones and the instruments. Mixing is organized so that close up microphone sounds arrives a few milliseconds later than sound from the main microphones (Rumsey and McCormick, 2012). This setup gives the best capture of direct and reverberant sound and is better than placing microphones closer to the principals Artists) there will be changes to the sound, especially vocals, creating unnecessary bass Setup of the microphones and monitors along with the speaker is shown in the image below; Many copies of the recording will be available given that every day, the opera is recorded in two-three hour sessions. In total, there will be 21 recordings to produce 7 tracks on CD and production is to start through nondestructive editing and the software to be used is the Logic X DAW (digital audio workstation) by Apple. Fast cross fading will be used when moving from one take to the next so as to minimize the effects of ensemble balance and timbre changes. Continuous volume enveloping is done at recording so intimacy, balance, and space is further added to the recorded opera and then individual sections joined together. Mixing is to be done on Logic X starting by panning to each aspect (bass, reverb, vocals) in place before editing and subtractive equalization. Compression will be used to achieve greater sound density and special effects (as requested by client) and those deemed fit are added; the voice of children, waterfalls, horses will be added in addition to any special effe cts deemed suitable and all effects processed to add tone and create a 3 dimensional sound space. Additive equalization to be used to shape the mix based on the sounding of the instruments and vocals. The final mix is printed with Logic X and audio mastered ready for delivery to client for opinions; copies can then be made as per request (Owsinski, 2013). References List Bies, D. (2009). Engineering Noise Control: Theory and Practice. 4th ed. Abingdon: Taylor Francis, pp.344-345. Boyden, M., Kimberley, N., Staines, J. and Boyden, M. (2002). The rough guide to opera. 1st ed. Hoboken: Wiley and Sons, p.103. Busietta, C. (n.d.). A look at an opera singer's equipment. [online] Christopher Busietta. Available at: https://www.christopherbusietta.com/en/blog8.html [Accessed 19 Nov. 2016]. Cooke, M. (2005). The Cambridge companion to twentieth-century opera. 1st ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p.282. Friedlander, C. (2014). How to Make a Great Demo Recording. [online] Musicalexchange.carnegiehall.org. Available at: https://musicalexchange.carnegiehall.org/group/voice/forum/topics/how-to-make-a-great-demo-recording [Accessed 19 Nov. 2016]. Gallo, D. (2006). Opera: The Basics. 1st ed. New York: Routledge, p.108. Holmes, T. (2008). Electronic and experimental music. 1st ed. New York: Routledge, p.288. 'Home Studio Corner', (2016). 7 Tips for a Successful Live Concert Recording [With Audio Example!]. [online] Home Studio Corner. Available at: https://www.homestudiocorner.com/7-tips-live-concert-recording/ [Accessed 19 Nov. 2016]. Ihalainen, K. (2008). Methods of Choir recording for an Audio Engineer. [online] Publications.theseus.fi. Available at: https://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/10509/Ihalainen.Kirsi.pdf?sequence=2 [Accessed 19 Nov. 2016]. Klein, S. (2016). Acoustics: Basic Concepts, Guidelines and Materials : Steven Kleins Sound Control Room, Inc.. [online] Soundcontrolroom.com. Available at: https://www.soundcontrolroom.com/acoustics-basic-concepts-guidelines-and-materials.php [Accessed 19 Nov. 2016]. Meyer, J. and Hansen, U. (2009). Acoustics and the performance of music. 1st ed. New York: Springer, p.386. Moylan, W. and Moylan, W. (2007). Understanding and crafting the mix. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Focal Press, p.269. 'Music career', (2016). Stage Manager (Opera and Music Theatre) - Music Career. [online] Musiccareer.com.au. Available at: https://www.musiccareer.com.au/index.php/Stage_Manager_(Opera_and_Music_Theatre) [Accessed 19 Nov. 2016]. Owsinski, B. (2013). The mixing engineer's handbook. 3rd ed. Boston: Thomson Course Technology, pp.Chap3,4. Rumsey, F. and McCormick, T. (2012). Sound and recording. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Focal, p.128.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review Essay Example

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review Paper Essay on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Stumbled on a book by chance, briefly read its description. Thinking that I was waiting for an exciting childrens story, I borrowed the book. Between times The trouble is trouble with him and him and him .. sorry, I thought, when left to read page 15. And literally believed that childrens story will be a childrens and means a happy ending. The author builds his narrative, so that at first do not understand what it was about and what, in fact, in trouble. I did not understand why at the same time, our publishers so openly burned intrigue cover. Read in electronic form, so do not see the picture until now. Never had a desire to postpone or even quit. Do not turn the language to call the story of the miraculous. Alas, it does not have a miracle. But there is a soul. At least the facts, but the maximum of details that could hurt some internal chord of the reader, if he is not quite yet a skeptic. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The theme of Auschwitz and the Holocaust through the eyes of 9-year-old boy. Without blood, heart-rending details. If through the dusty glass. You understand what I mean, but you can imagine what is happening themselves, the author does not show details. For me, it is valuable. In the childhood there is no nation. They met on opposite sides of the barbed wire, the son of the German commandant and a Jew, so similar to each other: Very strange. Maybe, on this side of the fence and hundreds of Shmuel, but I did not see anyone here who would be born in one day with me -. We are like twins said Bruno . there is little, has agreed to Shmuel Their adult problems seem diametrically different.. How could it be considered a problem that the son of the commandant instead of luxury apartments is forced to live in a three-story (only in his opinion) the house? Much more important and scary that says Shmuel one of the doomed. But the author has described the experiences of both boys that discontent Bruno does not cause disgust and trouble Shmuel does not make you cry. I equally empathized both sunk into the soul dialogue that occurred between Bruno and his sister:. It turns out that the Jews do not like its opposite No, is it? we do not like them, a fool. Bruno frowned. Gretel are constantly being told that we can not call a brother a fool, but she did not her kill -. Well, why do we not like them? Bruno said -. Because they are Jews trouble The trouble with it as millions of repeating the unfortunate phrase that has no meaning Kind, nice girl of 13 years talking with her dolls, but living with a veil on the eyes. The trouble with boys, who in spite of the wire (serving a symbol of all BUT) reaching out to each other and do not let go until the very end . The trouble with his father Bruno, had only small cog, imagines, though without the clock does not go. How sad for me to read about the fate of men like trampling them at the end of the story writers. The trouble with them Men in striped pajamas. How many of them had a sort of Shmuel, worthy of love, family, freedom, God only knows. The trouble with Bruno, whose open heart actually led him to the scaffold. Just a wonderful, the author done without lengthy descriptions and analysis of characters such as Hitler, his wife, parents, Bruno and servants. And a special thank you for the fact that did not go into the historical details. This book touches a nerve. So let the touches something intangible.

Unique Gifts Writers are Guaranteed to Love

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The book provides first sentences, non-sequiturs, and last straws to help get stories started, as well as spinner palettes to introduce unexpected plot twists.Writer T-shirts by independent designersWriter T-shirts by independent designersNoted for its online marketplace full of handmade and unique design s, Etsy is a great resource for looking for just the right gift for the writer in your life. Its writer t-shirt collection is an easy way to browse for a statement piece that fits into any writers wardrobe. From witty to infamous and everything in between, what better way to treat a writer than with something soft and comfortable for them to write in?Digital voice recorder with built-in USBDigital voice recorder with built-in USBA digital voice recorder is a standard tool of the trade in most writing professions. Smartphones have limited capability in capturing voices in wider ranges, so most writers turn to a digital voice recorder for interviews, which are part of the process of putting together any content- from journalism and technical manuals to marketing and creative fiction. Digital voice recorders like Sonys series with built-in USB allows for quick transfer of recorded interviews to a PC or laptop, with expandable storage (Micro SD card) for up to thousands of hours of reco rding.Cocktail Courier subscriptionCocktail CourierLord Byron, Oscar Wilde, Dorothy Parker†¦alcohol and writing have gone together like peanut butter and jelly for, well, a long time. So, what better gift to give the writer in your life than a subscription to the worlds greatest cocktails from the worlds best bartenders from Cocktail Couriers? With prices starting at $50 per month, you can choose a 3-month, 6-month, or 12-month subscription. Your favorite writer will then receive a box delivered monthly, biweekly, or weekly (your choice) full of all the necessary ingredients (including garnish and step-by-step instructions) to make between 4-12 alcoholic beverages. Oh, and of course, alcohol is included.On Writing: A Memoir of the CraftOn Writing: A Memoir of the Craft by Stephen KingFew modern writers are as prolific and successful as Stephen King, which is why his half biography/half how-to-manual, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, is such a great read. In it, he talks about the basic tools of his trade, including how and why a writer should always have them on hand, so its highly informative. 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Featuring Lord Byron, Oscar Wilde, Dorothy Parker, Winston Churchill, W. B. Yeats, and Charles Baudelaire, each shot glass contains a colorful portrait of the writer along with one of their most famous quotes on drinking.

Edit and Display Boolean Fields using a CheckBox in Delphi

Edit and Display Boolean Fields using a CheckBox in Delphi Tip submitted by Rene van der Heijden A series of articles titled Adding components to a DBGrid discusses placing just about any Delphi control (visual component) into a cell of a DGBrid. The idea is to create visually more attractive user interfaces for editing fields inside a DBGrid: a ComboBox for drop down lists; a DateTimePicker (calendar) for date values; a check box for boolean fields. CheckBox for Boolean Fields CheckBox inside a DBGrid As noticed by Rene van der Heijden the solution is rather lengthy, and it doesnt work, at least not when using the mouse to click on the checkboxes. Rene suggest an easier approach needing only two even handlers: OnCellClick and OnCustomDrawCell for your DBGrid control: //OnCellClik event of a DBGrid1 procedure TForm.DBGrid1CellClick(Column: TColumn) ; begin   Ã‚  if (Column.Field.DataTypeftBoolean) then   Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {toggle True and False}   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Column.Grid.DataSource.DataSet.Edit;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Column.Field.Value: not Column.Field.AsBoolean;   Ã‚  Ã‚  {immediate post - see for yourself whether you want this}   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Column.Grid.DataSource.DataSet.Post;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {you may add additional functionality here,   Ã‚  Ã‚  to be processed after the change was made}   Ã‚  end; end; //OnDrawColumnCell event of a DBGrid1 procedure TForm.DBGrid1DrawColumnCell(   Ã‚  Sender: TObject;   Ã‚  const Rect: TRect;   Ã‚  DataCol: Integer;   Ã‚  Column: TColumn;   Ã‚  State: TGridDrawState) ; const   Ã‚  CtrlState: array[Boolean] of integer (DFCS_BUTTONCHECK, DFCS_BUTTONCHECK or DFCS_CHECKED) ; begin   Ã‚  if (Column.Field.DataTypeftBoolean) then   Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DBGrid1.Canvas.FillRect(Rect) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if VarIsNull(Column.Field.Value) then   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DrawFrameControl(DBGrid1.Canvas.Handle,Rect, DFC_BUTTON, DFCS_BUTTONCHECK or DFCS_INACTIVE) {grayed}   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  else   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DrawFrameControl(DBGrid1.Canvas.Handle,Rect, DFC_BUTTON, CtrlState[Column.Field.AsBoolean]) ; {checked or unchecked}   Ã‚  end; end; Delphi tips navigator: » Remove Duplicate Items in Delphis TStringList « 5 Facts you Did Not Know about Delphi and Classes and the VCL and Inheritance and Custom Controls and...

The Impact of Technology on Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Impact of Technology on Education - Essay Example A survey in the US high schools showed that about half of the public school teachers who had access to computers and Internet available in their schools used them for classroom instruction. About 61 percent of the teachers assigned students to use these technologies for word processing or creating spreadsheets most frequently, 51% used Internet research, 50% applied them in practicing drills, and 50% solved problems and analyzed data using the technologies available. Furthermore, many teachers used computers or the Internet to conduct lots of preparatory and administrative tasks such as creating instructional materials, gathering information for planning lessons, and communicative tasks (Smerdon, Cronen, Lanahan, Anderson, Iannotti, & Angeles, 2001). Generally, there are a lot of benefits the use of technology has brought in teaching-learning process. The impact can be assessed both on the learners' and the teachers' side. In the one hand, the National School Board Associations of the United States reported that the availability of technology often stimulates teachers to present more complex tasks and materials which could not be handled using conventional methods and processes (NSBA, 2008). Furthermore, the NSBA (2008) reported, introduction of technology will tend to support teachers in becoming coaches rather than dispensers of knowledge, increases teachers' sense of professionalism and achievement and motivates students to attempt harder tasks and to take more care in crafting their work. There are concepts in education, particularly in the areas of science and mathematics that require complex representations, which could not be done in the conventional ways. To address the difficulties in teaching these concepts educator of tentimes uses instructional technologies like film (cited in Linn, 1998, p. 269), computer models, and other systems. Garofalo, J., Drier, H., Harper, S., Timmerman, M.A., & Shockey, T. (2000) reported that a crucial component of technology application in education is enabling the teachers. Technology is useful for learning but the efficacy of the systems applied depend on the competence of those who handle them. In the other side, the benefits of technology on the learners are vast. A 1990 University of Michigan study reported that children could gain the equivalent of three months of instruction per school year when computers are available to them. Electronic drill and practice programs make children better spellers. Intensive preparation programs raise SAT scores. So-called integrated learning systems, which deliver entire curriculums to students sitting at workstations in a learning laboratory, practically guarantee that grade-point averages will go up, at least for a time (cited in Dewitt, 1991). Despite, however the vast promise of technology in advancing the learning process, there are cases reported when the application of technology did otherwise. Dewitt's (1991) article reported that the entire first-grade class in a tiny Belridge school district in McKittrick, California, along with more than a third of the 64-member student body, had scored below their grade level for both reading and math.

ECOM20001 Information System Management (information system of master) Essay

ECOM20001 Information System Management (information system of master) - Essay Example They are very mandatory and essential for the business development as it helps in the components of wise business decision making as well as prudent. It also helps in providing transparent information flow of business policies, guidelines, practices, standards, and certain procedures for reasonable business operations. Information Management System is used by the management in different managerial corporate levels. Safe and sound Information Management System also assists the company in attaining proper and well planned internal controls, audit coverage, safeguards, and operating procedures. There are four groups of Information Management System in which the entire system is divided; these groups are related to Human Resources, Financial Department, Accounting, and Marketing (Allen & Hamilton & Baker 14). This assessment research assignment is correlated with the Information System Management Course and is designed in such a way through which the stimulated thinking of the classroom students would be analyzed and evaluated with the help of a case study. The company chosen for case study assessment is the Information Technology giant company Dell Corporation. In this case study, Dell's customer-centric business model will be analyzed. Apart from that, an overall analysis and evaluation will be carried out regarding Dell's customer-centric business scope, which would help in knowing that how Dell Corporation makes use of its Information System in order to develop and organize a demand-pull value chain, and how does it affect the relationship of Dell Corporation with its suppliers and customers. Section #2 (Covey & Merrill 103) The modern world of today is all about modernization and innovations in the technology field which is growing and grabbing a competitive edge in the global marketplace. Every technology oriented organization is trying their best to make their unique and strong position among their competitors in the technology sector so that they could flourish and market their products with unique and different features which cannot be overcome by any other competitor. For this objective, many multinational organizations and well known reputable companies are developing their research and development department, so that they could stand differently from others. Dell Inc. is one of the most leading and successful multinational technology oriented organization which has accomplish and conquer a very reputable position in the technology world market. Dell Inc. is basically involved in the designing, development, manufacturing, marketing, technical supporting and selling of personal computers and several other computer related products. The main headquarters of Dell Inc. is situated Round Rock, Texas and engages more than 88,000 employees around the globe. This technology oriented organization started grabbing the business growth since during 1980s and 1990s and since then, Dell Inc. has attained the position of being one of the largest technology corporations in the world. Originally, Dell Inc. was founded in the year 1984 by named Michael Dell who was the

Reflection paper Essay Example for Free

Reflection paper Essay â€Å"Mabuhay ang Pilipinas! †, after watching Jose Rizal the Movie, these are the words that wanted to find its way out into my mouth. Words that wanted to travel beyond distance and beyond boundaries that would defy ages to finally find a resonating voice that sent earthquake to the stoned floor of the holy temple of God that sheltered fiends who clothed themselves in white and who spoke His words with fluency but undoubtedly knew nothing of His language. I could not say it better, as a realization hit me, but I admire my Motherland. I could not help but think how did she, after everything that was done to her, have found it in her heart to forgive? The film did not only depict the life of Jose Rizal during the gripping of the Spaniards’ iron hands but also the Filipinos during those darkest times before the crack of dawn. The movie did not also just settled for only Rizal and the Filipino people during the Spanish colonization, but it made a sort of movie adaptation of the two notable masterpieces of Rizal; the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo. The movie itself was faithful to accuracy that you could see what it wants people to see and that is to see. The movie suggested us to see what had really happened to our motherland. It is to see what she had been through to keep her standing in her place in the map of the world. It is to see how many times our country had lost her identity, her dignity, her freedom, her voice, her rights, and her name. It is to see how many lives she had to remorsefully sacrifice just to keep standing. Watching the movie, I saw her. She took all pain and suffering and given up almost everything she has because she loves her children. She love the Filipinos that she kept standing and resisted the embrace of the god of the sea for us to have our feet on earth to land on. Realizing all she had borne made me proud to be molded from the earth of the Land of the Morning. Jose Rizal the Movie made it crystal cleared to everyone who would watch it how the Filipino people loved our country that they had given up their lives to free her from her iron cage. The movie showed that during the time of Rizal, Filipinos had started stirring from their seemed to be forever slumbering, although the Spaniards oppression continued to darken the skies. During those times, as portrayed, there was social unrest that resulted revolts. Most prominent movements were initiated by the Katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio. A lot of native eyes had started to see the real faces inside the holy veil worn by the Spaniards that led them to the realization of their own scraped image. Spaniards had continued to use religion, specifically the teachings of the Catholic Church and the words of God to frightened majority of the Filipinos to conform and manipulate them. The film portrayed the Spaniards abuse of power and authority over the Filipinos. Friars shrouded their corruption in the cloak of church contributions and tributes. They collected high imposed taxes from the farmers who till their own soil. They acquired lands by authority and force. Worst of it, Spaniards did not content themselves in getting hold of our country but also our dignity. Filipinos had been treated unfairly. The Spaniards made sure that we had no equal human rights, no parity before the law, no seat for the government, no mercy from the church, and no place for morality. Filipinos became slaves. Our native women were victimized. There was racial discrimination. Only elites were granted to have a formal education and even in school, Filipinos were slandered, mocked and belittled. Even the justice system was in favor of the State. Filipinos who have committed crime in the eyes of their justice were subjected to persecution and death. Spaniards would then scheme any person who go against their regime; that would include the conspiracy they had done to Rizal as he was sentenced by prejudiced to death before his trial was even performed. They stripped our nation’s identity and clothed us in ballooned dresses to conform but even so denied our right-I believe-to baptize our country a name. Those lowest times, people who had finally perceived the truth tried to raise their voices but mostly failed to do so because there was no firmed foundation. Their flares were not enough. When Rizal gave light, flickers were rekindled to a raging fire. Jose Rizal became their source of strength though he did not purposely want to ignite insurgency. Though his writings were double edged sword, he wanted to address his appeal for freedom and equality in a diplomatic manner. Unfortunately, it did not go as planned because not only the Spaniards wanted to bind him for the trouble he had cause to the name of the Spanish government. I really liked the portrayal of those people close to Rizal after he was shot and had fallen on the ground; none of them even shed a tear. They held their ground, Rizal was not a traitor. They were the ones who held his pride when he was deprived to die with dignity. He doesn’t deserve a cry of sympathy because he had done nothing but to love and to be faithful to his country. Because he was not married to a woman; he was married to our country, faithfully. Watching that scene, I felt dignified. He was not a traitor and so were those lives that fought to free our country. They were Filipinos who desired to regain our freedom and identity from the Spaniards. As the movie concluded, I realized I have never been so proud of my country, and never did I really give proper acknowledgement to the many lives that, especially those nameless faces that did not have the chance to have a space in paper. â€Å"Give credit to who is due†, as the saying goes. All of us, we walk in different paths of life. We see strangers every day but I never really consider looking at their faces in a different way. After watching the film, I learned to see the faces of past through the faces of the present. We are all carrying fragments of souls of the people of the past. How we are giving shape to those fragments of souls is the real challenge in us. I have learned from watching the film how embarrassing we have become to cater these fragments in us because we failed and ignored to recognize them and the way we savor the liberty they struggled to regain but tragically did not had the chance to hold. These souls had once fought for freedom. We have to see them in us to fix how we abused our freedom. I still see our motherland in her situation back then because we failed to get the lessons from our past. How many more times does she have to be in same situation she thought she had been freed from? One lesson I clearly got from the movie, we have to carry the past in us like it is our own experience for us to never want to be in that situation again. We should never forget our own history and the importance of it, for the sake of those souls who only had the chance to experience true freedom in us.

Development During Adolescence :: Human Development Teenagers Essays

Adolescence is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood; it generally refers to a period ranging from age 12 or 13 through age 19 or 21. Although its beginning is often balanced with the beginning of puberty, adolescence is characterized by psychological and social stages as well as by biological changes. Adolescence can be prolonged, brief, or virtually nonexistent, depending on the type of culture in which it occurs. In societies that are simple, for example, the transition from childhood to adulthood tends to occur rather rapidly, and is marked by traditionally prescribed passage rites. to contrast this, American and European societies the transition period for young people has been steadily lengthening over the past 100 years, giving rise to an adolescent subculture. As a result of this prolonged transitional stage a variety of problems and concerns specifically associated with this age group have developed. Psychologists single out four areas that especially touch upon adolescent behavior and development: physiological change and growth; cognitive, or mental development; identity, or personality formation; and parent-adolescent relations. Physiological Change: Between the ages of 9 and 15, almost all young people undergo a rapid series of physiological changes, known as the adolescent growth spurt. These hormonal changes include an acceleration in the body's growth rate; the development of pubic hair; the appearance of axillary, or armpit, hair about two years later. There are changes in the structure and functioning of the reproductive organs; the mammary glands in girls; and development of the sweat glands, which often leads to an outbreak of acne. In both sexes, these physiological changes occur at different times. This period of change can prove to be very stressful for a pre-teen. For during this stage of life appearance is very important. An adolescent child who develops very early or extremely late can take a lot of ridicule from his or her peers. However, the time at which a girl goes through this stage and a male goes through it are different. Girls typically begin their growth spurt shortly after age 10. They tend to reach their peak around the age 12, and tend to finish by age 14. This spurt occurs almost two years later in boys. Therefore boys go through a troubling period where girls are taller and heavier than them. This awkward period occurs from ages ten and one-half to thirteen. Time is not the only difference in the pubescent period for boys and girls. In girls, the enlargement of the breasts is usually the first physical

The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy

Running Head: RESEARCH ARTICLE REVIEW Research Article Review The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy Ashlee L. Glover Lindenwood University The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy I. Questions and Answers 1. â€Å"The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy† (Roosa, Tein, Reinholtz, & Angelini, 1997). 2. â€Å"Three research questions guided this effort. First, do women who were sexually abused as children and women who had teenage pregnancy have similar developmental backgrounds (sociodemographic and risk factor profiles)? Second, does the risk for teenage pregnancy differ, based on whether a woman was sexually abused as a child, sexually precocious, or both? Third, does childhood sexual abuse contribute to an increased risk of having a teenage pregnancy after the influence of other factors related to teenage pregnancy (e. g. , social class) have been accounted for† (Roosa et al. 1997)? 3. â€Å"We expect victims of sexual abuse to have first voluntary coitus earlier, to be less likely to use contraception, to be more likely to participate in high-risk sexual behaviors (e. g. , sex with strangers), and to have a higher number of sexual partners than their peers who were not sexually abused† (Roosa et al. , 1997). 4. The variables being studied is sexual history, High-risk sexual behavior, Sexual abuse, Sexual history pa thways, childhood physical abuse, and High-risk behaviors. Roosa et al. , 1997). 5. The participants were 2,003 women, 18 to 22 years old, living in Arizona. (Roosa et al. , 1997). 6. â€Å"Participants completed the questionnaire alone or in groups. They recorded their responses on computer-scored answer sheets to ease data entry and minimize errors. After completing the questionnaire, a participant placed her answer sheet in an envelope, sealed the envelope, and gave it to either the project manager or agency representative† (Roosa et al. , 1997). 7. We used chi-square and analysis of variance to compare sociodemographic and risk factor profiles of (a) women who were sexually abused as children with their non-abused peers and (b) women who had teenage pregnancy with those who did not. Next, we compared the incidence of teenage pregnancy for five sexual history pathways using chi-square. Finally, we used logistic regression to determine whether experiences of childhood sexua l abuse contributed to risk for teenage pregnancy after the influences of other variables had been accounted for† (Roosa et al. 1997). 8. â€Å"The results of our study do not support arguments that sexual abuse is a major contributor to the risk for teenage pregnancy† (Roosa et al. , 1997). 9. The importance of the findings is that childhood sexual abuse contributed little to the likelihood of teenage pregnancy. The severity of sexual abuse was not significantly related to teenage pregnancy. Sexual abuse followed by sexual precocity was related to a higher risk of teenage pregnancy for some. (Roosa et al. , 1997). 10. The results were limited by two methodological factors. First, the sample, although large, was a sample of convenience from a single state, and participants were slightly more educated than the average for this cohort. Second, this was a cross-sectional study that relied on the recall of events that occurred several necessary years prior to the surveyâ₠¬  (Roosa et al. , 1997). 11. â€Å"It may be important for future studies to identify factors that explain the risk associated with sexual abuse for these subgroups† (Roosa et al. , 1997). It was also stated that in the future longitudinal studies are necessary to establish causality. Roosa et al. , 1997). II. Summary The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy with about 25 percent of all U. S. women having a pregnancy by the age of 18 (Roosa et al. , 1997). The purpose of this study was to determine if childhood sexual abuse is a factor associated with an increased risk for teenage pregnancies (Roosa et al. , 1997). Recent studies have reported that sexual abuse is more common among pregnant teenagers than in general population and therefore could possibly be a major contributor to teenage pregnancy. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the linkage between childhood sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy. Roosa et al. , (1997) outlined several mechanisms including (a) some teenage pregnancies may be the direct result of sexual abuse, (b) childhood sexual abuse may socialize female victims to believe that their purpose in life is to fulfill the sexual needs of others, (c) the lowered self-esteem of sexual abuse victims may make them more vulnerable to males’ sexual advances, and (d) victims of incest may plan pregnancies as a means of escaping from their victimization. Three research questions guided this effort: First, do women who were sexually abused as children and women who had teenage pregnancy have similar developmental backgrounds (sociodemographic and risk factor profiles)? Second, does the risk for teenage pregnancy differ, based on whether a woman was sexually abused as a child, sexually precocious, or both? And for those who experienced both abuse and precocity, does the relative timing of these events make a difference in risk for teenage pregnancy? Third, does childhood sexual abuse contribute to an increased risk of having a teenage pregnancy after the influence of other factors related to teenage pregnancy (e. g. , social class) have been accounted for? (Roosa et al. , 1997) The variables being studied are sexual history, high-risk sexual behavior, sexual abuse, sexual history pathways, childhood physical abuse, and high-risk behaviors. Sexual history was assessed by asking about the respondent’s age of menarche, first coital experience, use of birth control, and pregnancy (Roosa et al. 1997). Any pregnancy occurring before age 18 was labeled a teenage pregnancy. High risk sexual behavior was described as anyone who had sex for alcohol, drugs, or money; having sex with strangers, having multiple sex partners, and not using birth control (Roosa et al. , 1997). Roosa et al. , (1997) used five mutually sexual history pathways to examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy: One pathway rep resented those who reported no precocious sexual activity and no sexual abuse before the age of 18. A second pathway represented women who were sexually abused before age 18 with no precocious sexual activity. A third pathway represented those who had been abused before their first precocious sexual experience. A fourth pathway represented those who had been abused before age 18 but after their first precocious sexual experience. A fifth pathway represented participants who had not experienced any sexual abuse before the age of 18 but who were sexually precocious. The last measures used were childhood physical abuse. Eight questions dealing with spanking and hitting adapted from the Conflict Tactics Scale (Roosa et al. , 1997). Participants were 2,003 women, 18 to 22 years old, living in Arizona (Roosa et al. , 1997). Participation was limited to this age range to reduce reporting bias due to widely varying time intervals since sexual history events occurred (Roosa et al. , 1997). The women were recruited at 44 sites in urban and rural areas throughout Arizona (Roosa eta l. , 1997). Participants completed the questionnaire alone or in groups, with assistance from the project manager (Roosa et al. 1997). They recorded their responses on computer-scored answer sheets to ease data entry and minimize error (Roosa et al. , 1997). To analyze the results chi-square and analysis of variance were used to compare sociodemographic and risk factor profiles of (a) women who were sexually abused as children with their non-abused peers and (b) women who had a teenage pregnancy with those who did not (Roosa et a l. , 1997). Next, they compared the incidence of teenage pregnancy for five sexual history pathways using chi-square (Roosa et al. , 1997). Finally, they used logistic regression to determine whether experiences of childhood sexual abuse contributed to the risk for teenage pregnancy after the influences of other variables had been accounted for (Roosa et al. , 1997). Using data from 2,003 women this study took three approaches to examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and the likelihood of teenage pregnancy. The results of the study did not support the argument that sexual abuse is a major contributor to the risk for teenage pregnancy (Roosa et al. , 1997). Childhood sexual abuse contributed little to the likelihood of teenage pregnancy in this sample (Roosa et al. , 1997). According to Roosa et al. , (1997), it may be important for future studies to identify factors that explain the risk associated with sexual abuse of different subgroups. Regardless of the strengths of associations found or the number of factors statically controlled, it cannot be determined which relationships may be casual and which may be spurious (Roosa et al. , 1997). Longitudinal studies are necessary to establish causality.

How to Write a Reader Essay

Good writing is never merely about following a set of directions. Like all artists of any form, essay writers occasionally find themselves breaking away from tradition or common practice in search of a fresh approach. Rules, as they say, are meant to be broken. But even groundbreakers learn by observing what has worked before. If you are not already in the habit of reading other writers with an analytical eye, start forming that habit now. When you run across a moment in someone else’s writing that seems somehow electric on the page, stop, go back, reread the section more slowly, and ask yourself, â€Å"What did she do here, put into this, or leave out, that makes it so successful?† Similarly and often just as important, if you are reading a piece of writing and find yourself confused, bored, or frustrated, stop again, back up, squint closely at the writing, and form a theory as to how, when, or where the prose went bad. Identifying the specific successful moves made by others increases the number of arrows in your quiver, ready for use when you sit down to start your own writing. Likewise, identifying the missteps in other writers’ work makes you better at identifying the missteps in your own. Remember the Streetcar Tennessee Williams’ wonderful play, A Streetcar Named Desire, comes from a real streetcar in New Orleans and an actual neighborhood named Desire. In Williams’ day, you could see the streetcar downtown with a lighted sign at the front telling folks where the vehicle was headed. The playwright saw this streetcar regularly—and also saw, of course, the metaphorical possibilities of the name. Though this streetcar no longer runs, there is still a bus called Desire in New Orleans, and you’ve certainly seen streetcars or buses in other cities with similar, if less evocative, destination indicators: Uptown, Downtown, Shadyside, West End, Prospect Park. People need to know what streetcar they are getting onto, you see, because they want to know where they will be when the streetcar stops and lets them off. Excuse the rather basic transportation lesson, but it explains my first suggestion. An essay needs a lighted sign right up front telling the reader where they are going. Otherwise, the reader will be distracted and nervous at each stop along the way, unsure of the destination, not at all able to enjoy the ride. Now there are dull ways of putting up your lighted sign: This essay is about the death of my beloved dog. Or: Let me tell you about what happened to me last week. And there are more artful ways. Readers tend to appreciate the more artful ways. For instance, let us look at how Richard Rodriguez opens his startling essay â€Å"Mr. Secrets†: Shortly after I published my first autobiographical essay seven years ago, my mother wrote me a letter pleading with me never again to write about our family life. â€Å"Write about something else in the future. Our family life is private.† And besides: â€Å"Why do you need to tell the gringos about how ‘divided’ you feel from the family?† I sit at my desk now, surrounded by versions of paragraphs and pages of this book, considering that question. Where is the lighted streetcar sign in that paragraph? Well, consider that Rodriguez has introduced the key characters who will inhabit his essay: himself and his mother, informed us that writing is central to his life, clued us in that this is also a story of immigration and assimilation (gringos), and provided us with the central question he will be considering throughout the piece: Why does he feel compelled to tell strangers the ins and outs of his conflicted feelings? These four elements—generational conflict between author and parent, the isolation of a writer, cultural norms and difference, and the question of what is public and what is private—pretty much describe the heart of Rodriguez’s essay. Or to put it another way, at every stop along the way—each paragraph, each transition—we are on a streetcar passing through these four thematic neighborhoods, and Rodriguez has given us a map so we can follow along. Find a Healthy Distance Another important step in making your personal essay public and not private is finding a measure of distance from your experience, learning to stand back, narrow your eyes, and scrutinize your own life with a dose of hale and hearty skepticism. Why is finding a distance important? Because the private essay hides the author. The personal essay reveals. And to reveal means to let us see what is truly there, warts and all. The truth about human nature is that we are all imperfect, sometimes messy, usually uneven individuals, and the moment you try to present yourself as a cardboard character—always right, always upstanding (or always wrong, a total mess)—the reader begins to doubt everything you say. Even if the reader cannot articulate his discomfort, he knows on a gut level that your perfect (or perfectly awful) portrait of yourself has to be false. And then you’ve lost the reader. Pursue the Deeper Truth The best writers never settle for the insight they find on the surface of whatever subject they are exploring. They are constantly trying to lift the surface layer, to see what interesting ideas or questions might lie beneath. To illustrate, let’s look at another exemplary essay, â€Å"Silence the Pianos,† by Floyd Skloot. Here is his opening: A year ago today, my mother stopped eating. She was ninety-six, and so deep in her dementia that she no longer knew where she was, who I was, who she herself was. All but the last few seconds had vanished from the vast scroll of her past. Essays exploring a loved one’s decline into dementia or the painful loneliness of a parent’s death are among the most commonly seen by editors of magazines and judges of essay contests. There is a good reason for this: These events can truly shake us to our core. But too often, when writing about such a significant loss, the writer focuses on the idea that what has happened is not fair and that the loved one who is no longer around is so deeply missed. Are these emotions true? Yes, they are. Are they interesting for a reader? Often, they simply are not. The problem is that there are certain things readers already know, and that would include the idea that the loss of a loved one to death or dementia is a deep wound, that it seems not fair when such heartbreak occurs, and that we oftentimes find ourselves regretting not having spent more time with the lost loved one. These reactions seem truly significant when they occur in our own lives, and revisiting them in our writing allows us to experience those powerful feelings once again. For this reason it is hard to grasp that the account of our loss might have little or no impact on a reader who did not know this loved one, or does not know you, and who does not have the emotional reaction already in the gut. In other words, there are certain â€Å"private† moments that feel exhilarating to revisit, and â€Å"private† sentences that seem stirring to write and to reread as we edit our early drafts, but they are not going to have the same effect in the public arena of publishable prose. Final Thoughts In the last twenty years of teaching writing, the most valuable lesson that I have found myself able to share is the need for us as writers to step outside of our own thoughts, to imagine an audience made up of real people on the other side of the page. This audience does not know us, they are not by default eager to read what we have written, and though thoughtful literate readers are by and large good people with large hearts, they have no intrinsic stake in whatever problems (or joys) we have in our lives. This is the public, the readers you want to invite into your work. Self-expression may be the beginning of writing, but it should never be the endpoint. Only by focusing on these anonymous readers, by acknowledging that you are creating something for them, something that has value, something that will enrich their existence and make them glad to have read what you have written, will you find a way to truly reach your audience. And that—truly reaching your audience and offering them something of value—is perhaps as good a definition of successful writing as I’ve ever heard.

Using the Preterite Perfect Tense in Spanish

Using the Preterite Perfect Tense in Spanish The preterite perfect tense is unusual in Spanish, and you  are unlikely to hear it in everyday speech nor have a need, in most situations, to use it. But you should be aware of how it is used in case you come across it in literature or historical accounts. Except when a writer is seeking a literary effect or providing a bad translation from English, the preterite perfect is seldom used in modern writing. Key Takeaways: Preterite Perfect Tense The preterite perfect tense is formed by using the preterite form of haber followed by a past participle.The preterite perfect is not common in modern Spanish, being mainly used for literary effect.In its historical use, the preterite perfect was often used to provide a sense of immediacy of action. How To Use the Preterite Perfect The preterite perfect, also known as the anterior perfect or the  pretà ©rito anterior  in Spanish, is formed by using the  preterite  of  haber  followed by the  past participle. It is used to refer to an event that was completed immediately prior to another event in the past, and thus it is usually used in sentences that also include use of another verb past tense. In other words, a verb in the preterite perfect is almost never the only verb in a sentence. Here is an excerpt from  Cervantes Don Quijote to illustrate:  Apenas  hubo dicho  esto el cristiano cautivo, cuando el jinete se arrojà ³ del caballo y vino a abrazar al mozo.  (The Christian captive had barely said this when the horseman leaped off his horse and came to hug the lad.) Note that the act of saying something (hubo dicho) immediately preceded a past action of hugging the lad. As in the examples below, use of the preterite perfect follows a phrase or word with a time element. Regardless of the specific words used, the word or phrase can be translated as something that means as soon as or immediately after, as that sense of immediacy is conveyed by the verb tense. And while the preterite perfect frequently is translated using an English perfect tense (one using had and the participle), it is often fine to translate using the simple preterite. There seems to be little difference, for example, in meaning between as soon as I saw it and as soon as I had seen it, so feel free to use whichever sounds better. Examples of the Preterite Perfect in Use Y luego que yo la  hube visto, caà ­ sobre mi rostro.  (And as soon as I saw it, I fell upon my face.)Cuando  hubo comprendido  esto no pudo evitar echar un vistazo al chico.  (Once he understood this he could not avoid glancing at the boy.)Una vez que  hubimos encontrado  un rbol que daba sombra, me ayudà ³ a sentarme en el pasto.  (Once we found a tree that provided shade, he helped me get seated in the grass.)Una vez  hube conocido  varios pueblos de la provincia, decidà ­ escaparme al Sur.  (Once I had met some peoples from the province, I decided to flee to the South.)Cuando todos los dioses  hubieron muerto, Tonatiuh, el sol, comenzà ³ su interminable camino por el firmamento.  (When all the gods died, Tonatiuh, the sun, began his eternal journey through the firmament.()Cuando  hube sabido  del budismo sabà ­a bien lo que era el dharma.  (As soon as I knew about Buddhism, I knew what the dharma was.)

Site, Sight, and the Spell Check Syndrome

Site, Sight, and the Spell Check Syndrome Site, Sight, and the Spell Check Syndrome Site, Sight, and the Spell Check Syndrome By Maeve Maddox Today I found a plastic bag on my front door. A yellow sticker identified it as a bag for the Scouting Food Drive. Being a writer and a grammar nazi, I never just glance at things like this. It is my curse to read labels in their entirety. In small print I was instructed to leave the bag, with food inside, in plain site on my porch. My first surge of censure was for the Scout leaders who had submitted incorrect copy to the printer. The second surge was for the printer who hadnt bothered to read the copy for errors before printing it. Then, at the very bottom of the sticker, I saw that the printing had been donated by a local corporate entity, a very large company with international sales. Im sure it must employ educated people to see to such things as printing and advertising. So why in plain site and not, as the context called for, in plain sight? Id bet that the person responsible knows the difference between site and sight and would redden in embarrassment if called on it. I think the error is a symptom of Spell Check Syndrome. Spell check catches only those misspellings that do not represent any word at all. It will catch such howlers as recieve, seperate, and dalmation, but not homonyms like site/sight, and rite/right. Computers are great, but they are no substitute for the human brain. Run spell check by all means. But then run your own eyes over your writing before submitting it. In its usual use, site (noun) is an area, a piece of ground, a place: This is the site of a prehistoric village. As a noun, sight is the sense of vision, or something seen: Louis Braille lost his sight at the age of three. A favorite tourist sight is the Tower of London. Sight can also refer to the device on a gun that helps one to aim: The sight on this rifle is slightly bent. Sight can be a verb: Tell me when you sight the buffalo herd. Sight occurs in several idioms: Keep the enemy in sight. Youre a sight for sore eyes (i.e., a welcome sight). His newest book is out of sight (beyond comparison)! (slang) Dear me, you look a sight (have a bedraggled or disreputable appearance)! Theyve got a sight of grandchildren (a great many). (dialect) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?"Latter," not "Ladder"List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

Close reading assignment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Close reading assignment - Term Paper Example To begin with, let us look into the impressions created by the use of vocabulary and diction in the stanza. From the very first word one is likely to notice is Death. It is particularly vivid due to its capitalization and unexpectedness – indeed, few poems start immediately with death. Another grasping thing is that Death is humanized in the poem: it is He. This creates an impression that there is a woman (the speaker herself) and a gentleman who in a courteous manner â€Å"stops for her† and invites her to have a pleasant ride in a carriage. The pleasantry of the ride is evident given a particularly desirable element in the trip: Death and the speaker are accompanied by Immortality. This sounds as if there were one more pleasant and gallant companion – someone named Immortality. Thus, the two most striking things about this stanza is Death and He naturally complement each other. Death is a name of a gentleman and He is used to refer to him. The third striking th ing – Immortality – by its denotation contradicts Death. It means â€Å"no death†, in fact. Unlike death, immortality has a positive connotation and may be associated with such notions as paradise, eternal life, and blissfulness. The fact that it befriends Death and accompanies him enhances the positive feeling about the latter and gives it a positive connotation. On a deeper level, the vocabulary is fairly simple and even somewhat plain. Despite the fact that the poem was written in the 19th century, the words used in the poem’s first stanza would be familiar virtually to anyone today. At the same time, the choice of vocabulary in the first stanza is not accidental: it immediately introduces the reader to the rest of the poem. Namely, in Line 1: Because I could not stop for Death – Dickinson immediately introduces death and lets us know that the poem will be about death. While the use of â€Å"because† is not a typical way to begin a poem, or start a sentence in fiction/literary prose or colloquial conversation, the choice of this word is deliberate here. Use of â€Å"because† creates a feeling that a speaker provides a kind of explanation to the question that has been asked or to the future argument that will be discussed in the poem. The use of â€Å"because† suggests that the speaker engages the audience into accompanying him in an active and lively manner. The use of the expression â€Å"could not stop for death† expresses the idea that the poem’s speaker actually did not have a chance to choose when she would die. At its simplest, this phrase may mean that no one can ever know when he or she will die. Death capitalized means attribution of human nature to a non-human and abstract phenomenon – death. Further, the choice of words in Line 2 implies the following important things: death is he (in other words, a man or a gentleman), and what he does he does â€Å"kindly† (this is important for creating the overall mood of the poem, since it actually prevents fear in those who are reading the poem). Next, Lines 3-4 introduce one more actor in the poem – Immortality. Capitalization of â€Å"Immortality† may mean that Immortality is someone third that accompanies the speaker and Death. It may also mean that this word is particularly important, so not necessarily a humanized object.

Ethics and Corporate Accounting Practices Research Paper

Ethics and Corporate Accounting Practices - Research Paper Example It is the structure with the help of which the objectives of the company are developed and means for attaining those goals and objective and ways of monitoring them are determined. In this scenario the role of ethics is well understood. Ethics is the moral philosophy, which involves systematic study of honest obligations, agreements, values and rules (Bloxham, 2011). Ethically carrying out the business operation in organizations is a general norm that prevails since the ancient ages. However, ethical norms or governance in case of financial reporting is a comparatively new concept, which is further transformed due to the challenging global business scenario. The major article that has been selected for this study is â€Å"Corporate governance and sustainability: New and old models of thinking†, by Eleanor Bloxham published in 2010. It discusses the traditional as well as latest significance of corporate governance in organizations. Apart from this, the transformations of the f inancial models with the changing times have been also stated. However, there are other supporting articles that have been utilized in this study in order to present a 360 degree view of corporate governance and its impacts. ... Apart from this, the role and usage of technology in financial record-keeping would be scrutinized, so as discuss the strengths and weakness of the IT based infrastructure in corporate governance. CRITICAL EVALUATION Responsibility of Corporate Governance The responsibility of corporate governance does not lie only on the shoulders of the managers in the organization. Before focusing specifically towards corporate governance in case of financial decisions making, a brief discussion on the stakeholders of the organization that are also responsible for maintaining ethics and governance in the organization would be presented in this section. There are approaches around the world based on which the role of the shareholders in corporate governance has been defined. In countries like UK and US, the corporate governance norms focus on maximizing the wealth of the shareholders through efficient means off course. However, in the primacy approach the shareholders are treated as stakeholders wh ere directors have the legal enforcement to consider the duties of the shareholders. From the economic perspective, shareholders are the risk bearers for the company. While another approach states that shareholder's primacy should be followed and directors are primarily accountable to the shareholders (Hib, 2012). Board of directors holds the major position in case of corporate governance. They are accountable to the stakeholders and primarily to the shareholders of the company. The board also focuses on the performance of the organization and the board. The management is responsible for the sustainability by enhancing the enterprise value of the company and also directs the company towards its corporate objective. It is the

Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles - Essay Example When the animals and plants die and they decompose, carbon atoms are returned back to the atmosphere, and the cycle starts again. Humans have the ability to negatively impact the carbon cycle. The most common method of doing this is by burning any type of fossil fuel, including oil, coal, and natural gas. When fossil fuels are burned, CO2 is produced and released into the atmosphere. While breathing CO2 is a normal part of the carbon cycle, when humans create more CO2 than oxygen-producing plants cannot keep up with, the cycle is thrown off (Wigley, 2000). In a similar sense, humans are also impacting the carbon cycle by cutting down plants, trees, and whole forests, further ridding ourselves of one of the aspects of the carbon cycle, as well as a vital component of oxygen production. The phosphorus cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that takes place as phosphorus moves through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Phosphorus is found in rocks and begins as phosphate ions. When i t rains, the phosphate ions are removed from the rocks and are distributed into the soil and water. From there, plants absorb the phosphorus compounds from the soil, then animals take up the phosphorus atoms when they eat the plants. These phosphorus atoms are also found in water, where plants can absorb the water or animals can take a drink. When phosphorus is in the water, it gradually accumulates over time into insoluble deposits (Cole, 1999), which will be released back onto land as rocks, prompting the cycle to go again. Humans can impact the phosphorus cycle by creating too much phosphorus in the environment. When humans use fertilizers or pesticides, which are heavy in phosphorus atoms, they move the phosphorus around and it becomes excess runoff. As runoff, the phosphorus can end up in large bodies of water, which can lead to eutrophication, killing animals and plants that rely on that body of water. Also, sewage treatment facilities that use lakes and rivers as dumping grou nds create phosphate pollution that can grow algae and cyanobacteria, which destroys the oxygen in the water and reduces species diversity. The nitrogen cycle is the process in which nitrogen makes its way through nature. Nitrogen is an essential element for life; humans do not use the nitrogen, but it is still vital for our bodies. When plants and animals die, they decompose and add nitrogen into the soil. Bacteria within the soil converts the nitrogen into a form of nitrogen that plants are able to use to help themselves grow (Bothe, 2007). Animals and people eat the plants, obtaining their source of nitrogen. The animals and plants decompose and return nitrogen back into the soil. The cycle then repeats itself. Humans can impact the nitrogen cycle by producing too much nitrogen. They are capable of doing this through the pollution emitted by vehicles and chemical plants, doubling the amount of annual transfer of nitrogen into biologically-available forms (Howarth, 2006), as well as by force-feeding plants nitrogen through nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Humans can also impact the nitrogen cycle by depleting the amount of nitrogen that is made accessible. This can be done by the dumping of sewage and other types of organic matter into bodies of water, which damages oxygen levels, thus damaging nitrogen supplies. References Bothe, H. (2007). Biology of the nitrogen cycle.

Role Of Social Networking Sites In Election Campaigns Media Essay

Role Of Social Networking Sites In Election Campaigns Media Essay Social networking sites are online services or platforms that focus on building and reflection social relations among people. They proved to be a fundamental communication tool in every aspect and a limitless source of information campaign strategy. Their effectiveness to gather and communicate a targeted political message, raising the stakes in strategy and aggressive social media participation helps in election campaigning. The use of social networking sites in political parties spans across increased media exposure, funding, participation and has increased mobilisation and enthusiasm in numerous recent political campaigns. Social networking sites has become fast and low cost communication tool and enables quick and easy access to political information among potential users. Campaigning managers use these sites as an effective way for recruiting new employees and other campaigning strategies. From past two decades social networking sites and systems is been used in political campaigning and dialogues. In year 1996 email and social networks was widely used as source of communication among political parties and groups of people. During year 2006 at Belgian elections catchphrase Think was circulated among people through Myspace so as to stimulate people in discussions and thought around voting preference and encouraging people to reconsider voting for right party. In the same year a survey was conducted on Myspace users over 18 years of age and it was found that they were three times more likely to take part in an online political discourse than traditional way. In year 2007 it was found out that 40% of all social networking users  had  used Myspace and Facebook  as a source for  political information  in the United States (US) and  20%  of people used  these sites  to discover the political interests of their friends.  It has been  suggested  that Myspace is so effective that it should be a key part to any campaign strategy. Barack Obama has successfully used Twitter, Myspace, Youtube and Facebook as an effective tool in communicating and mobilising people. He spends around $2 million in election campaigning and building a social networking site known as MyBarackobama.com. Republican Party also used social networking sites in 2008 elections to promote John McCain. There is great potential for political parties to raise large sums of money in short periods of time using social networking sites through micro-fund-raising. The use of micro-donations not only enable candidates to raise funds rapidly it gives a sense of involvement and participation to those who have donated, no matter how small the amount. In the year 2008 US presidential election $55 million was raised in one month and 80% of which were online donations. With social networking sites political campaigning add to a visibility to politicians personal and professional life. It leads to accountability and risk. As they can filmed anywhere and these could be uploaded anytime which goes around like a disease among people and can be used for political gains. These political strategies were used in American politics. Another fact related to same is that some parties even hire people who not only keep track of their accounts but also of competitors account and keeps on uploading and distributing such video content through Youtube. . An example of this  high-level of exposure can be seen in the 2006 US election cycle  as  one senator was filmed making a racial slur, which was uploaded to YouTube and it became the most viewed video. This increased exposure of political candidates adds another dimension to political campaigning of smear campaigning of opposition candidates with ease. While political parties may not have the level of control over the content that is distributed but these social networking  sites have facilitated an  increase  in  the rate of political participation.  As these networking sites create an easily accessible medium for people to find, distribute and absorb. Evidence from a number of studies supports the theory that the Internet has beneficial effects on online political involvement. Internet use encourages higher levels of political participation: for example, forwarding e-mails with political content, online voting, and so forth. And online communications through social networking sites can aid in political engagement. YouTube and other social media sites allow campaign strategies to easily target limitless voters with great communication power. According to a Pew Internet and American Life study, 46% of American voters have used the Internet, text messaging or email for political mobilisation, discussion and to access political news and information and 35% of people in the US watched political videos on YouTube. In 2008 presidential elections in US new technologies combined with these social networking sites have been used as to advertise to potential voters and their mobilisation. The demographic for the internet has widened and social networking is no longer just for young people. In year 2006 over 50% of American YouTube and Myspace users were 35 years or older, and the proportion of 12 to 17 year olds were declining. Social networking sites  do not just represent a young demographic.  Politically engaged people  and political participation is increasing throughout the community through the use of social networking sites. Thus, social networking is playing a substantial role in political process in recent years. Not only it has been effectively utilised by political parties of western countries in the campaign cycles, political issues groups and otherwise unrepresented minorities, but also as a means of open and uncensored communication for citizens in countries with oppressive government control over other media conduits. The use of these online tools has seen a shift in the funding models of political parties through the highly effective use of micro-donations. These sites have expanded the reach and accuracy of strategically targeted communications by political parties to potential voters.  There is an increase in  political participation  and people garner a greater sense of contribution through the use of social networking sites and social media, influencing involvement with political parties in the greater community.   Social networking sites have proven to be a powerful political tool and we can only expect that it will grow limitlessly alongside the political machine. Past Cases of Social Networking Sites as a tool in Election Campaigning: Kenya Elections: In Kenya elections in year 2006 these social media such as Myspace, Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, Flickr etc. is been used in mobilising and sharing and gathering of information and raising the money in restricted time. It was also seen social media as a way to get involved in political parties response to mainstream media. During the Kenya post-election crisis people mobilised a website called Ushahidi for people to collaboratively report where violent clashes has taken place. Perspectives and commentary on the post-2006 election crisis in Kenya were seen in online networking sites as a way to criticise the media and government and it was found that views and discussion topics seen in social networking sites were much more diverse that seen in mainstream media. Internet and Social Networking Sites in Election Campaigns: Gabriela Womens Party in Philippines wins the 2007 Elections Philippines also embarked on using Internet, social networking sites and the mobile phones for their 2007 elections. Gabriela Womens Party (GWP), among others, was one of them. Given the limited funds for mass forms of communication, the party made use of new communication technologies, in particular, the Internet and social networking sites like YouTube and Friendster along with its website, to augment traditional campaign techniques. The (GWP) won two seats, making it the first and only womens group in the country to attain such a feat in the party list group contest (Alojamiento, 2007). Maximizing YouTube YouTube and Friendster are very popular among young female Internet users in the country. It was only logical for the GWP to turn to these sites to expand their networks and establish their presence among Filipino voters. Political advertising is an obsession among politicians in the country especially when it comes to TV advertising. All parties make efforts to be on television and spend the maximum amounts on advertising. Television advertising being expensive, the GWP after a few commercials on television, extended this kind of advertising to YouTube by uploading a video endorsement of Angel Locsin, a young local celebrity. Use of Social Media in US : Over the past two decades  online  social networking  sites and  systems  have  been  effectively  used  to increase political  dialogue. In 1996 email was widely used across social networks as a means of facilitating  people and groups for political purposes .  In 2007 it was estimated that  40% of all social networking users  had  used Myspace and Facebook  as a source for  political information  in the United States (US) and  20%  of people used  these sites  to discover the political interests of their friends.   Barack Obama successful used Twitter, Flickr, YouTube, Facebook among others to communicate and mobilise people. He also had a $2 million dollar custom campaigning and social networking site built called MyBarackobama.com (Walmsley 2008; Crow 2008; Talbot 2008).  The Republican party used social networking sites during the 2008 to promote candidate John McCain, even at 71 years of age, which demonstrated their understanding of the importance of its use. Political parties are now actively engaging with social networking sites as part of their campaign strategies. Political campaign strategies have successfully used social networking sites to increase campaign funding. Howard Dean, in 2004, was the first US politician to explore the financial value in using the Internet as part of his campaign strategy. He successfully used the Internet to facilitate small donations online instead of the traditional big fund-raising events. During this same year Democratic Presidential candidate John Kerry raised $80 million in online donations. Within two months of creating a MySpace page during the US 2006 election cycle one Republican candidate raised donations by 20%  The Barack Obama campaign during the 2008 US presidential election raised $55 million in one month 80% were online donations and 90% of those were under $200 each. This was before he had run a single fund-raising event . Social networking sites create an easily accessible medium for people to find, distribute and absorb political information. YouTube and other social media sites allows campaign strategies to easily target limitless voters with great communication power .According to a Pew Internet and American Life study, 46% of American voters have used the Internet, text messaging or email for political mobilisation, discussion and to access political news and information 35% of people in the US watched political videos on YouTube .This ease of access combined with new technologies enables campaigners to strategically target and customise their marketing approach. Social networking sites enable a more targeted approach to election campaigning. The US Republican 2008 presidential campaign used an internal database, called the Voter Volt, matched with internet searches to advertise to potential voters using social networking sites .These new technologies combined with the use of social networking sites not only increases the accuracy of the campaign message through targeted advertising, it has also helped to increase the size of the audience.  During the 2008 US Election new technologies allowed The Republican National Committee to increase the number of potential voters on their database by 6-fold compared to their 2004 campaign .The use of these new tools have the added potential to increase mobilisation. Benefits of Social Networking Sites usage in Political Campaigning: Mass Coverage: The biggest advantage that social networking sites provide in an election campaign is of mass coverage with sites such as Myspace, Twitter, Facebook , Youtube, Linkdein , orkut etc. Data table from i strategy labs generating no of users of facebook between age of 18 and 24 are as follows: It can be seen youth between age 18 and 24 using facebook accounts for 40.8% and in middle age group constitute of 16.6%. So political parties targeting youth and middle age group can be benefited if campaigning through these sites. Cost Effective : Political campaigning through these sites is very cost effective methods as the cost involved is very low. And in past micro donations can be arranged easily through these sites only. This has been seen in presidential elections in year 2008 taken place ay US. Emergence of new political parties: With social networking sites as a tool used for election campaign emergence of new political parties can be seen. More of individual politicians are encouraged and are emerging out in elections. They are reaching to public with their ideas being communicated well using the videos on Youtube or post on twitter or on Facebook account or through blogs with many followers acting as agents and their promoters. Environmental and Societal benefits: The other benefits associated with campaigning through networking sites are of environmental and societal benefits to general public in all. While campaigning through these sites the major tool of campaigning traditionally that is pamphlets is through emails, posts and blogs. Thus reducing the usage of paper and saving trees. Also society is saved from traffic jams, noise pollutions when campaigning is done on these sites. Moreover while campaigning on these sites an add on feature of more visibility leading to accountability is been ensured, giving a right to voters to have all information and then deciding upon the right candidate to vote for. Presence in India: Political parties in this day and age are now trying to use web as a medium to gain attention of the masses. Employing internet as a strategy to make an appeal to the masses is also being used a host of NGOs and non-profit organizations, such as the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy and Public Interest Foundation. These organisations are using internet, alongwith traditional media like radio and television, to launch initiatives geared toward raising awareness among the electorate. There are nationwide campaign ensuring to increase transparency in Indian elections by combining information about constituencies and candidates. The purpose of these campaigns are: Provide information regarding the representatives based on the information they have provided through affidavits to the Election Commission   Provide information about a constituency Give a chance to the public to give feedback on work done by their elected representatives The media excitement around the election is being generated by the middle-class urban youth, who   believe in bringing about a change. Of late, many Indian politicians have begun considering internet as a viable medium for interactive communication and are, consequently, making their presence felt in the World Wide Web.  For instance BJP has launched a website for its prime ministerial candidate and for its chief ministerial candidate as well. Similarly, even the congress party is making use of social networking sites like youtube, facebook, twitter etc. to run social marketing campaigns. Thus, the presence of social networking sites in the indian electoral scenario is spellbound as the political parties now are resorting to online campaigning and voting systems. CONCLUSION : The present study and other studies cited in this paper mostly point out to both the importance of new media technologies and the trend towards their exploitation in current political settings. Their maximization for political campaigning should be viewed, however, in the context of where these new technologies operate Though studies have demonstrated that new technologies have been playing significant roles in campaigns in the US, the diffusion of online campaigning in parts of Asia, particularly in the Philippines, is unfolding but at a slower pace. These do not discount the promises of the Internet for political campaigning. If offline conditions change, it is likely that online uses will follow. In the meantime, it is important to look at the Internet as an integral part of a holistic political campaigning strategy, which can complement the use of traditional media and grassroots campaigning by reaching the growing segment of the population using the Internet. Future studies in this field of political communication would help in understanding how far the applications of the Internet and its contemporaries would go in bringing political actors closer to the public and how politics itself would change in the years to come as these new technologies become more sophisticated at the same time societies around the world evolve and change