Cognitive Dissonance

cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance is having a thought, idea, military capability, or belief that seems to be come away of tune. Cognitive dissonance disposes to result in different ways based on the situation that it occurs in. If a person is forced to say an opinion that differs from their own, they experience an out of tune feeling. In Roger Hocks book Forty Studies that Changed Psychology, he recognizes the knowledge of cognitive dissonance performed by Leon Festinger. In Thoughts Out of Tune, the term specifically explaining Festingers direct, Hock goes further into detail.He explains that if we be forced to state an opposed view, while preparing for it, we tend to believe it along with out own. This creates confusing, stress, and dissonance. Festingers study explains why and when people whitethorn or may non feel cognitive dissonance. Festinger proposed whatever you state publicly, pass on be a reflection of your face-to-face views. If any person must speak pu blicly for any reason that goes against their own private belief, they allow for definitely feel uncomfortable. However, when offered a reward, the comfort levels can change.If someone offers the talker a large reward, the speaker will feel more comfort in changing their attitude about the ideas or beliefs universe said, even when they dont believe them. If someone offers the speaker a small reward, the speaker will feel more discomfort because they do non feel there was confession in what they are being rewarded and will have more of a controvert attitude than those being greater rewarded. Festinger performed his look into on a envision ag host, group A, and group B. Each group contained twenty participants. Group A was the group given one dollar to perform the experiment.Group B was given twenty dollars to perform the experiment. exclusively group were interviewed after the performing the experiment, which was to empty and refill a tray of 12 spools for 30 minutes and to routine 48 square pegs a quarter of a turn clockwise for 30 minutes. This was done in order to bore the participants and create negative feelings about what they had to do. Afterwards they were asked to fabricate their feelings toward the experiment to another group waiting outside. Group A was given one dollar. Group B was given twenty dollars. The control group was given no money and was able to be interviewed after performing the tasks.Group A and group B were told after speaking their opposed opinions that the experiment was fun and exciting, they were able to be interviewed and leave. The interview questioned their full-strength beliefs on how they felt toward the experiment. They were asked to rate the experiments on a scale that offered the questions whether the tasks were interesting and enjoyable, how much the person wise to(p) about their ability to perform the tasks given, whether they believed the experiment and tasks were measuring any importance or not, and if the y had any entrust to participate in another experiment similar to the one performed.In the findings, the control group had extremely negative ratings on the questions asked. Festinger concluded that when demanded to realize the differences among personal views and attitudes, we would tend to feel cognitive dissonance. This can encourage us to bring change to these views or attitudes to enforce them to become harmonious and haveable with each other. This will unendingly create changing attitudes whether they are big or small. The change will depend on the justification for the behavior.Festingers conclusions had shown to support his hypothesis. David Matz and Wendy Wood performed an experiment similar to Festingers study. Matz and Wood did a study on cognitive dissonance in groups and the consequences of disagreement. In the first of several experiments done, they tested the nature of arousal bring on by attitude heterogeneity in groups. This determines if attitude likeness in g roups could be related to dissonance. In the study, people were placed into groups. These groups were given one of three possible situations.These situations included what would occur after pickings a survey. The groups would either discuss what they decided for a major issue, discuss their decisions and try to come to a consensus, and the last group would not discuss any involvement about the survey at all. The participants that were educated about the study acted as though they had a particular opinion. After the discussion, the participants, of the decision-making group, filled out a questionnaire about the responses and take over of agreeing for a consensus.The results were that the group having to reach a consensus found it easy and were motivated when the group was able to agree as opposed to when the group disagreed. The participants admitted to feeling anxiety and discomfort when having a disagreement with the group. This relates to Festingers study because they both relate to feeling uncomfortable. Although Festingers experiment was concentrated on a self and not a group, they both explain how different situations can cause discomfort and negative feelings.Festinger explains how someone not expressing their true feelings for any reason will undergo the feelings of cognitive dissonance. Matz and Wood are explaining the same thing but showing how people can understand cognitive dissonance by holding their opinions and not expressing themselves in fear of going against a group. The disagreement creates negative feelings causing the participant to feel out of place or out of tune. These experiments teach us that not expressing how we feel for any reason whether its being paid, persuaded, in fearfulness, we will tend to feel negative emotions.Disagreement will always cause discomfort in turn causing cognitive dissonance. References Chen, M. K. , & Risen, J. L. (2010). How choice affects and reflects preferences revisiting the free-choice paradigm. Journal of Personality and amicable Psychology, 99(4), 573-594. inside 10. 1037/a0020217 Festinger, L. , & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. Hock, R. R. (2008). Forty studies that changed psychology explorations into the history of psychological research (6th ed. ).Upper charge up River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall. Matz, D. C. , & Wood, W. (2005). Cognitive dissonance in groups the consequences of disagreement. 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