Intermolecular Bonding Essay :: essays research papers

Intermolecular Bonding EssayWrite an canvass on intermolecular stick bying. Explain how individually type of bond arisesand the try out for the existence of each. Comment on their strengths inrelation to the types of parcels involved the covalent bond and relative to eachother. Use the concepts of different types and strengths of intermolecular bondsto rationalise the followingThere exists four types of intermolecular bonding, they include ionic, covalent,Van der waals and total heat bonding. In tell to describe the existence of suchbonding you mustiness also understand the concepts of polarity, polar and non-polar,and electronegativity.Ionic bonds are created by the stark(a) convert of electrons from one atom toanother. In this process of electron transfer, each atom becomes a ion that isisoelectronic with the nearest noble gas., the substance is held to receiveher byelectrostatic lastingnesss amongst the ions. The tendency for these ions to be formedby elements is c orespondent to the octet rule, when atoms react,, they tend todo so in such a way that they attain an outer shell containing eight electrons.The factors that effect the organic law of ions are ionization energy, electronaffinity, lattice energy.Figure 1The transfer of electrons involved in the formation of (a) sodium chloride and(b) calcium fluoride. Each atom forms an ion with an outer shell containingeight electrons.For many elements, compounds cannot be formed by the production of ions, sincethe energy released in the formation of the lattice of ions would be poor to defeat the energy required to form the ions would beinsufficient to overcome the energy required to form the ions in the first place.In order for the atoms to achieve a noble gas configuration they must make use ofanother method of bonding by the process of electron sharing. From approximate 2, youcan see that the example of two hydrogen atoms combing. As the atoms get closertogether, each electron experiences an attraction towards the two nuclei and theelectron assiduousness shifts so that the most probable place to find the twoelectrons is between the two nuclei. Effectively each atom now has a parcel ofboth the electrons. The electron density between the two nuclei exerts anattractive force on each nucleus keeping them held tightly together in acovalent bond.Figure 2A covalent bond forming between two hydrogen atoms.It is also possible for two atoms share more than one pair of electrons, sharingtwo pairs results in a double bond and sharing three pairs results in a treblebond. Electronegativity is a measure of how powerful a atom is in a molecule to